A. Read the passage below:

Musa Ibrahim is the first Bangladeshi who reached the summit of Mount Everest. Mt. Everest is the highest pick of the Himalayas. He had a dream to win Mount Everest. To make his dream real he tried heart and soul. He got Advanced Mountaineering Training from Himalayan Mountaineering Institute, Darjeeling, India. He was a journalist by profession. He worked as a sub editor in The Daily Star. He founded Everest Academy in 2011 for a wide participation of the youth in the mountaineering and adventure activities.

Note. The underlined words start with capital letters (upper case). Other words begin with small letters (lower case). There are rules to use capital letters in English. The use of capital letters is called capitalization.

B. Use of Capital letters:

• A sentence begins with a capital letter. For example,

We want to learn English capitalization rules.
These students are learning English as a foreign language.
The sky is cloudy.

• The first word of a quoted sentence begins with a capital letter.

Teacher said, "Always speak the truth."

• Proper nouns begin with capital letters. (Names of people, specific monuments, cities, states, etc.). For example,

Mr. Tarek asked if Ali would help.
Uncle Bill took us to Dallas.

• A person's title begins with a capital letter when it comes before his or her name (Dr. Rehana)
• The position of High-ranking government officials begins with a capital letter. (for example, President Bill Clinton, Attorney General Shahed)
• The pronoun I is always capitalized whenever it is used. For example,

I want to go to Sylhet.
My sister and I are in the same class.

The first and any important word in the title of a book, magazine, song, movie, poem, or any other work begins with a capital letter.
For example,

Read the first chapter of Gulliver's Travels.

I saw American Pie last year.

C. Read the following passage and rewrite it using capital letters where necessary:

mahmuda is an intelligent girl. she reads in class 7. the name of her school is kushumpur high school. her favourite subject is english. She has one sister, named lubna. they live in kushumpur, a village in bogra.

D. Punctuation

Read the following passage:

Once a lion, a fox, and a wolf went hunting. They ultimately spotted a stag and killed him for their food. While sharing the hunt, "Quarter me this stag", roared the lion and other animals skinned and cut the spoil into four equal parts.

Note. In the passage there are some marks with the words. These marks help us to understand the passage. These marks are the punctuation marks. Punctuation Rules

Apostrophe (')

Examples:

1. She can't join the party. (cannot)
2. Hon'ble President (Honourable)
3. Girls' school
4. This is Karim's house.

Note. To indicate omission of letters and the genitive case of nouns (') is used.

Period '.' or 'full stop'

1. A complete sentence that makes a statement or command ends with a period. In British English a period is called a 'full stop'.
   Today is my birthday.
   Blow out the candle.
   He went to Khulna last week.

2. Most abbreviations end with a period.

Dr. Smith lives on Creek Rd. near St. Mary's Hospital.

Question Mark '?'

1. A question ends with a question mark.
   When is she coming?
   Are you Pollobi Khisa?

Exclamation Point '!'

1. The exclamation point is used at the end of a sentence to indicate great surprise. It is also used for emphasis when making a point (strong feeling /excitement).
   Be careful not to use the exclamation mark too often.

What a wonderful day it is!
That ride was fantastic!
I can't believe he is going to marry her!

Comma','

1. A comma separates things in a series (List of items):

I ate rice, vegetables, and fish.
I like reading, listening to music, taking long walks, and visiting my friends.
This is one of the most common uses of a comma. Notice that a comma is included before the conjunction 'and' which comes before the final element of a list.

2. A comma separates an interruption from the rest of the sentence:

Mr. Walker, our teacher, is very clever.

3. A comma separates two independent clauses that are connected by a conjunction such as 'but':

They wanted to purchase a new car, but their financial situation would not allow it.
I would really enjoy seeing a film this evening, and I'd like to go out for a walk.

4. A comma separates phrases (or clauses) from the principal clause:

In order to pass the exam, you need to study more. Although he wanted to come, he wasn't able to attend the course.

5. A comma introduces a direct quote:

The boy said, "My father is often away during the week on business trips." His doctor replied, "If you don't stop smoking, you run the risk of a heart attack."

Colon ':'

1.A colon shows the reader that a list or explanation follows:

I will need the following items: scissors, paper, glue, and paint.
He had many reasons for joining the club: to get in shape, to make new friends, to lose some weight, and to get out of the house.

2. To introduce a direct quote (a comma can also be used in this situation):

He announced to his friends: "I'm getting married!"
She cried out: "I never want to see you again!"

Semicolon ';'

There are two uses for a semicolon:

1. To separate two independent clauses. One or both of the clauses are short and the ideas expressed are usually very similar.
   He loves studying; he can't get enough of school.
   What an incredible situation; it must make you nervous.
2. To separate groups of words which are themselves separated by commas:
   I took a holiday and played golf, which I love; read a lot, which I needed to do; and slept late; which I hadn't done for quite a while.
   They plan to study German, for their travels; chemistry, for their work; and literature, for their own enjoyment.

Warning: Do not use a capital letter after a semicolon, unless it is followed by a proper noun.

Quotation Marks (double " or single ')

1. Quotation marks are used to identify the exact words of a speaker:
   President Bush said, "We will not tire, we will not falter, and we will not fail."
2. For a speech within a speech, the other style is used as inner quotation marks:
   'Dave said, "Good afternoon, Frank"", recalled Frank.

Warning: Place the punctuation marks outside quotation marks, unless they are logical parts of the quotation.

His answer to this was "no"; but two years later, he changed his mind.
Did he say "yes" or "no"?

E. Rewrite the following passage using capital letters and appropriate punctuation marks:

rip van winkle stopped by a place where there had been a school and asked the crowd that had gathered where is schooner, the school master somebody said oh schooner he went to war in sixty three and never came back and van ammel asked rip van winkle he died eighteen years back said another voice in the crowd rip van winkle thought he was going mad had he slept all these years on the mountain finally rip van winkle asked does anyone here remember rip van winkle a very old woman said yes he was my lazy son he went up the mountains twenty one years back but never returned His dog came back without him rip van winkle was overjoyed he said mother it is me rip van winkle dont you recognize me oh my son it is really you where have you been all this while mother and son hugged each other. rip van winkle had indeed slept for twenty-one years.